Have you tried to use the examine search? https://docs.umbraco.com/umbraco-cms/reference/searching/examine/quick-start If you need published content, you can find content by node name and then use IUmbracoContextAccessor (_context is IUmbracoContextAccessor)

           var cache = _context.GetRequiredUmbracoContext();

            if (cache == null || cache.Content == null)
            {
                continue;
            }

            var publishedContent = cache.Content.GetById(id);

I didn't consider search, probably because I don't exactly know how it works in Umbraco. Search is usually full-text search, and eventually consistent, so doesn't make sense to use full text search to find one item with particular property value, and when you need most recent value. I would expect Umbraco has API for that kind of "exact" querying.
Also, can't cache be stale or empty, even the content is there? I would expect filtering/querying API to use cache behind the scene, and just go to the Db if cache is empty. But as i said, I don't know how Umbraco is designed for these kind of things.

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