Out of the box, nope. Changing tabs doesn't push anything into the history stack, so there's no relationship between the current tab and the URL.

You could write some javascript to run in the backoffice to parse out the anchor value, and use that to find the correct tab link element and trigger a click.

If your URL was /umbraco/#/content/content/edit/1146#metadata you'd need to do some gymnastics since window.location.hash will return #/content/content/edit/1146#metadata.

Quick and dirty...

var hashSegments = window.location.hash.split('#');
if (hashSegments.length > 1) {
  var hash = hashSegments[hashSegments.length - 1].toLowerCase();
  var tabs = document.querySelectorAll('.umb-nav-tabs li');
  tabs.forEach(function(v) {
    if (v.innerText.toLowerCase() === hash) { 
      v.querySelector('a').click();
    }
  });
}