Yes this is possible. I did something similar. I used ajax calls to a SurfaceController. My controller looks like this.

namespace ProjectName.Controllers
{
    public class AgendaController : Umbraco.Web.Mvc.SurfaceController
    {

        // GET: Events
        [HttpGet]
        [OutputCache(Duration = 3600, VaryByParam = "month;year")]
        public ActionResult GetEvents(string month, string year)
        {
            // do your magic here
            return PartialView("AgendaPartial", toReturn);
        }
    }
}

My javascript looks like this:

function agendaAjaxRequest(date) {
    let toReturn = "";

    $.ajax({
        url: "/umbraco/surface/agenda/getevents",
        type: "get",
        data: {
            month: (date.getMonth() + 1),
            year: date.getFullYear()
        },
        async: false,
        success: function (result) {
            toReturn = result;
        }
    });

    return toReturn;
}

You can do your own magic in the controller with the form data, return a new form and change it using javascript/jQuery.

Hope this example helps!

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